The differences between bipolar disorder and other forms of depression can be subtle, Cohen says. Sometimes the manic episode is indeed euphoric; people in this state may feel productive, happy, outgoing, and powerful. But other times, it’s simply a state of high energy and drive, not a happy mood. In this state, people “may be energetic but they don’t necessarily feel good,’’ Cohen says, and instead they feel irritable and have problems sleeping. Sometimes the highs and lows are not mutually exclusive, with hyperactivity accompanied by feelings of sadness.
Because it isn’t always recognized, biopolar depression is likely more common than we realize, Cohen says. The more depressions you experience in the lifetime, the more likely you are to have a bipolar form of depression. A family history of biopolar disorder or psychosis is also a major risk factor.
For someone with long-term depression, it can be hard to distinguish between a good mood and a manic episode. The mood shifts in bipolar disorder interfere with relationships. Friends and family can help recognize the problem. Identifying bipolar disorder is important because treatment is different than for depression. If you suspect you or a loved one has it, “it doesn’t do you any good to stick your head in the sand,’’ Cohen says. “It is common … and, most importantly, it’s treatable.’’
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