By Carolyn Y. Johnson, Globe Staff
The tornadoes that struck central Massachusetts today are an unusual phenomenon for New England -- the product of warm, humid air and winds that created the perfect conditions to generate the spinning, funnel-shaped storm. While the state doesn't have a large number of tornadoes, a National Weather Service meteorologist said there are typically one or two a year.
Tornadoes begin to form when warm, muggy air at the surface begins to rise and meet colder air above, creating thunderstorms. But by itself, that isn't enough. There also needs to be rotation. This is caused when winds in the upper atmosphere blow in a different direction than the winds closer to the ground, creating a condition called wind shear.
"We look for moisture, we look for lift -- lifting of air into the atmosphere and this turning of the winds with height -- we got all that going together and it was just perfect," said Eleanor Vallier-Talbot, a meteorologist at the National Weather Service office in Taunton. "Everything just lined up."
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