The path of the prophet

Two new works seek to uncover the man who was Muhammad

October 29, 2006|Ilan Stavans

Muhammad
By Eliot Weinberger
Verso, 64 pp., $10.95

Muhammad: A Prophet for Our Time
By Karen Armstrong
HarperCollins/Atlas, 249 pp., $21.95

In a lecture at the University of Regensburg, in Germany, last month, Pope Benedict XVI talked about "jihad" as holy war and about using religion as an excuse for destruction and death. He quoted from a debate in the 14th century between Manuel II Paleologos, emperor of the Byzantine Empire, and a Persian cleric. "Show me just what Muhammad brought that was new and there you will find things only evil and inhuman, such as his command to spread by the sword the faith he preached." The immediate response in the Muslim world was one of outrage. In the end, the pontiff was forced to apologize, and maybe revisit his ideas about Islam.

Such episodes aren't new. They emphasize the ignorance about the life of Muhammad ( 570-632 ) that is rampant in Western civilization. To what extent is the average educated person familiar with the Koran? The Torah and the New Testament, in contrast, and even the Talmud are far more familiar. At the core of the so-called war on terror, and in general the tension concentrated on the Middle East and exacerbated by the crisis in Iraq and Afghanistan, is the misconception, suggested by the pope in Germany, that Islam is a religion of fanaticism and not a theology based on justice and decency. Judaism and Christianity, too, have gone through radical periods of intolerance and depreciation. The list of examples is too long: from Mas ada to the Crusades, from the sect of the Essenes to the edicts of expulsion of ethnic groups from Spain, Portugal, and England.

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